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This work was compiled by Li Jinglun (1507–57), a scholar with a first-rank degree at the county-level civil examination, who later devoted himself to writing and prided himself on his knowledge of li xue (rationalistic philosophy influenced by Confucianism). Based on Li jing (Book of rites), one of five classics of the Confucian canon, and on all traditional forms that provide a standard of either ceremonial conduct or rules of conduct, Li here expounded his theory that there were three principles, yi, qu and guan. Yi means the rituals ...